/* Direction A: presentation stays independent of content and metadata. */
:root {
  --accent: #5e2d65; --accent-hover: #45204b; --ink: #252830; --muted: #625868;
  --rule: #e4dfe8; --surface: #f7f5f8; --control-border: #8e7f91; --content-max: 1080px;
  --font-heading: Georgia, "Times New Roman", "Songti SC", "STSong", SimSun, serif;
  --font-body: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Arial, "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
  scroll-padding-top: 6rem;
}
html:root { font-size: 17px; }
body { font-family: var(--font-body); color: var(--ink); background: #fff; }
#quarto-content { max-width: var(--content-max); margin-inline: auto; }
main.content { padding: 0 20px 48px; min-width: 0; }
#title-block-header { padding-top: 38px; margin-bottom: 36px; text-align: left; }
h1.title { color: var(--accent); font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 2.2rem); font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: .005em; line-height: 1.2; }
h2 { color: var(--accent); font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 1.45rem; font-weight: 400; border: 0; margin: 2rem 0 1rem; padding: 0; line-height: 1.35; }
h3 { font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; }
p, li { overflow-wrap: break-word; }
p { margin-bottom: 1.15rem; }
main.content > p, main.content > ul, main.content > ol { max-width: 78ch; }
a:not(.nav-link):not(.navbar-brand):not(.quarto-navigation-tool) { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: .18em; }
main a:hover { color: var(--accent-hover); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible, input:focus-visible, [tabindex]:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 3px; }
.navbar { font-size: .78rem; padding: 8px 24px; }
.navbar .navbar-container { max-width: 1200px; margin-inline: auto; width: 100%; }
.navbar .navbar-brand { font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 1.2rem; color: var(--ink); margin-right: 1.25rem; }
.navbar .nav-link { padding: .65rem .5rem; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; font-weight: 500; }
.navbar .nav-link.active { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; }
.navbar .nav-link:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.navbar .navbar-toggler { min-width: 44px; min-height: 44px; padding: 8px; }
#quarto-search .aa-DetachedSearchButton { min-width: 44px; min-height: 44px; justify-content: center; }
.home-page #title-block-header { padding-top: 26px; margin-bottom: 26px; }
.home-page h1.title { font-size: 1.45rem; color: var(--muted); }
.home-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px; gap: 42px; align-items: start; }
.home-intro > h2 { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: .8rem; font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.6vw, 1.9rem); }
.home-intro > h3 { font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 1.2rem; }
.home-portrait { margin: 4px 0 0; }
.home-portrait img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.home-copy p { text-align: left; }
.profile-links { margin-top: 1.2rem; }
.source-bold { font-weight: 700; }
.source-italic { font-style: italic; }
.source-underline { text-decoration: underline; }
.source-super { vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; }
.source-sub { vertical-align: sub; font-size: .8em; }
.section-heading { color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 1.35rem; font-weight: 400; margin: 2.3rem 0 1.2rem; }
.section-heading:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.cv-content p, .cv-content li { margin-bottom: .8rem; }
.cv-content ul { margin-bottom: 1.7rem; }
.cv-content .cv-date { display: inline-block; float: right; margin-left: 1rem; color: var(--muted); }
.original-footnote { margin-top: 1.7rem; font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); }
.paper-entry { padding: 1.5rem 0 1.6rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.paper-entry:first-of-type { padding-top: .5rem; }
.paper-page-link { position: relative; font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 1.24rem; line-height: 1.45; margin: 0 0 .7rem; font-weight: 400; }
.paper-page-link a { color: var(--accent); }
.paper-page-link:has(.paper-number) { padding-left: 2.2rem; }
.paper-number { position: absolute; left: 0; top: .15rem; font-family: var(--font-body); color: var(--muted); font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 400; }
.paper-entry:has(.paper-number) > :is(.paper-authors, .paper-venue, .paper-history, .paper-resources, .paper-topics) { margin-left: 2.2rem; }
.paper-authors, .publication-details { color: var(--muted); }
.paper-entry .paper-authors { margin-bottom: .35rem; color: var(--ink); font-size: .94rem; line-height: 1.65; }
.paper-venue { margin-bottom: .4rem; font-style: italic; font-size: .94rem; color: #514858; }
.paper-history, .abstract-unavailable { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--muted); }
.paper-resources { font-size: .88rem; margin: .4rem 0 .7rem; line-height: 2; }
.paper-resources a { display: inline-block; padding-block: 2px; }
.paper-topics { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .4rem .6rem; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: .6rem 0 0; font-size: .8rem; color: var(--muted); }
.paper-topics li { background: var(--surface); padding: .18rem .5rem; border-radius: 2px; line-height: 1.6; }
.publication-controls { padding: 20px; margin-bottom: 2rem; border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: 3px; background: var(--surface); }
.publication-search label { display: block; font-size: .88rem; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.publication-search-row { display: flex; gap: .65rem; }
.publication-search input { min-width: 0; flex: 1; min-height: 46px; padding: .55rem .75rem; border: 1px solid var(--control-border); border-radius: 3px; font: inherit; font-size: .94rem; background: #fff; color: var(--ink); }
.publication-search input::placeholder { color: var(--muted); opacity: 1; }
.publication-controls button { min-height: 44px; border: 1px solid var(--control-border); background: #fff; color: #514858; border-radius: 3px; padding: .45rem .75rem; font: inherit; font-size: .85rem; line-height: 1.5; cursor: pointer; }
.publication-controls button:hover { background: #eee8f0; border-color: var(--accent); }
.topic-filters { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .6rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
.topic-filters button { text-wrap: balance; }
.topic-filters button[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; border-color: var(--accent); }
.topic-filters button span { white-space: nowrap; }
.publication-count { font-size: .84rem; color: var(--muted); margin: .9rem 0 0; }
.publication-empty { margin: 2rem 0; }
.publication-controls[hidden], .paper-entry[hidden], [data-publication-group][hidden], .publication-empty[hidden], .original-footnote[hidden] { display: none !important; }
.citation-archive { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.citation-archive summary { cursor: pointer; color: var(--accent); }
.citation-archive p { margin-top: .75rem; }
.publication-details { font-size: .94rem; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.75; }
.publication-kind { color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; margin-bottom: .45rem; }
.citation p { margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.paper-body { margin-top: .7rem; }
.paper-body.has-figure { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.65fr) minmax(220px, 1fr); gap: 30px; align-items: start; }
.paper-text p { text-align: left; }
.paper-text p:has(.source-italic) { color: #514858; }
.paper-figures figure { margin: .4rem 0 1.4rem; }
.paper-figures img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.paper-figures figcaption { font-size: .87rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.65; }
.carousel-controls { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 10px; font-size: .85rem; margin: .8rem 0; }
.carousel-controls[hidden], .carousel-slide[hidden] { display: none !important; }
.carousel-controls button { min-height: 44px; background: #fff; color: var(--accent); border: 1px solid var(--control-border); padding: .45rem .7rem; border-radius: 3px; }
.carousel-controls button:hover { background: var(--surface); }
.paper-page main.content { max-width: 820px; width: 100%; margin-inline: auto; }
.paper-page #title-block-header { text-align: left; margin-bottom: 1.4rem; padding-top: 36px; }
.paper-page h1.title { font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 2.6vw, 2rem); line-height: 1.25; }
.paper-page .paper-authors { color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: .65rem; }
.paper-page .paper-abstract { margin-top: 1.75rem; }
.paper-page .paper-abstract h2 { margin-top: 0; }
.paper-page .paper-abstract p { text-align: left; }
.paper-page .paper-figures { max-width: 760px; margin: 2rem auto; }
.return-link { margin: 2.2rem 0 1rem; padding-top: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .9rem; }
.review-note { border-left: 3px solid #a58aa9; background: var(--surface); padding: .85rem 1rem; color: #514858; font-size: .9rem; margin: 1.3rem 0; }
.review-note p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.news-section { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); margin-top: 2.5rem; padding-top: 1.25rem; }
.news-heading { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 15px; }
.news-heading h2 { margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.news-heading a { font-size: .88rem; }
.news-scroll { max-height: 16rem; overflow-y: auto; scrollbar-gutter: stable; padding-right: 12px; overscroll-behavior-y: contain; }
.news-page .news-scroll { border-block: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-block: 1rem; }
.news-scroll-hint, .news-pending { font-size: .88rem; color: var(--muted); }
.news-pending { display: block; margin-top: .4rem; }
.news-entry { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 145px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 1.1rem 0; }
.news-entry:first-child { padding-top: .25rem; }
.news-entry:last-child { border: none; }
.news-entry time { font-size: .88rem; color: var(--muted); }
.news-entry p { margin: 0; }
.news-entry .upcoming { display: block; color: var(--accent); font-size: .8rem; margin-top: .3rem; }
.table-scroll { max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; border-block: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.teaching-institution { margin-top: 2rem; }
.teaching-institution > p { font-family: var(--font-heading); color: var(--accent); font-size: 1.25rem; }
.teaching-table { width: 100%; min-width: 760px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: .92rem; line-height: 1.65; }
.teaching-table th { text-align: left; padding: .8rem; background: var(--surface); border-bottom: 1px solid #b5a6ba; color: #514858; font-weight: 600; }
.teaching-table td { vertical-align: top; padding: 1rem .8rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.teaching-table p { margin: 0; }
.teaching-table th:first-child { width: 35%; }
.teaching-table th:nth-child(2) { width: 25%; }
.syllabus-pending { color: var(--muted); }
.zh-profile { max-width: 42rem; margin-inline: auto; font-size: 1.06rem; line-height: 1.95; }
.zh-profile h2 { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; font-size: 1.65rem; }
.zh-profile p:last-child { font-size: .94rem; margin-top: 1.4rem; }
.issue-list li { margin-bottom: .85rem; }
.nav-footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-block: 1.2rem; }
.footer { font-size: .82rem; color: var(--muted); }
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .navbar { padding-inline: 12px; font-size: .72rem; }
  .navbar .navbar-brand { font-size: 1.05rem; margin-right: .5rem; flex-shrink: 0; }
  .navbar.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav .nav-link { padding-inline: .25rem; white-space: nowrap; }
}
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .navbar .navbar-collapse { margin-top: .4rem; padding-top: .35rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .navbar .nav-link { font-size: .88rem; padding: .55rem .6rem; min-height: 44px; }
  .navbar .nav-link.active { border-bottom-color: transparent; border-left: 3px solid var(--accent); background: var(--surface); padding-left: calc(.6rem - 3px); }
}
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) {
  .home-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 220px; gap: 28px; }
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  html:root { font-size: 16px; }
  /* The native Quarto grid already has gutters; avoid doubling them on phones. */
  #quarto-content, main.content.page-columns { display: block; }
  main.content { width: 100%; padding-inline: 20px; padding-bottom: 36px; }
  #title-block-header { padding-top: 28px; margin-bottom: 28px; }
  .home-page #title-block-header { padding-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 24px; }
  .home-layout, .paper-body.has-figure { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .home-portrait { max-width: 280px; margin: 0 auto; }
  .paper-figures { max-width: 650px; width: 100%; }
  .paper-page-link { font-size: 1.2rem; }
  .paper-page-link:has(.paper-number) { padding-left: 1.9rem; }
  .paper-entry:has(.paper-number) > :is(.paper-authors, .paper-venue, .paper-history, .paper-resources, .paper-topics) { margin-left: 1.9rem; }
  .paper-topics { font-size: .84rem; }
  .publication-controls { padding: 16px; margin-bottom: 1.65rem; }
  .publication-search-row { gap: .5rem; }
  .publication-search input { font-size: 1rem; padding-inline: .65rem; }
  .publication-controls button { padding-inline: .65rem; font-size: .87rem; }
  .topic-filters { gap: .5rem; }
  .topic-filters button { max-width: 100%; }
  .paper-page #title-block-header { padding-top: 28px; }
  .news-entry { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .4rem; }
  .news-entry .upcoming { display: inline; margin-left: .5rem; }
  .news-scroll { max-height: 28rem; }
  .cv-content .cv-date { float: none; display: block; margin-left: 0; }
  .navbar { padding-inline: 16px; }
  .zh-profile { font-size: 1.06rem; }
}
@media print {
  html:root { font-size: 11pt; }
  .publication-controls, .publication-empty { display: none !important; }
  .paper-entry[hidden], [data-publication-group][hidden], .original-footnote[hidden] { display: block !important; }
  .navbar, footer, .review-tag, .review-note, .carousel-controls { display: none !important; }
  .news-scroll { max-height: none; overflow: visible; }
  .carousel-slide[hidden] { display: block !important; }
  .home-layout, .paper-body.has-figure { display: block; }
  #title-block-header { padding-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
  .paper-entry { break-inside: avoid; }
}